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 What
is ESMAP?
What
is Landfill Gas (LFG)?
Who
is eligible for the initiative?
How
to participate |
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| What
is ESMAP? |
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 Energy
Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP)
is a global technical assistance program
which helps build consensus and provides
policy advice on sustainable energy development
to governments of developing countries and
economies in transition. ESMAP also contributes
to the transfer of technology and knowledge
in energy sector management and the delivery
of modern energy services to the poor.
ESMAP was established in 1983 under the
joint sponsorship of the World Bank and
UNDP as a partnership with UNDP in response
to global energy crises. ESMAP's mandate
has evolved over time to meet the changing
needs of its clients. ESMAP suggests innovative
and strategic "cutting edge" solutions
to governments, in the areas of both traditional
and non-traditional energy use, complementing
and facilitating the work of other development
institutions and the private sector. ESMAP
is focused on upstream, that is pre-investment,
issues that have clear potential for key
policy formulation and energy investment.
Since its creation, ESMAP has operated in
some 100 different countries through approximately
450 activities covering a broad range of
energy issues. Early on, these activities
were almost exclusively Country Energy Assessments
-- tools which served to fill the knowledge
gap on the energy situation in a specific
country, and provide options to address
priority energy issues in an environment
of rapidly rising energy prices.
More recently, ESMAP's product line has
been expanded to include targeted technical
studies, strategic advice, best practice
dissemination, and pre-investment work.
The work program in early 2003 included
some 70 ongoing projects grouped under business
lines such as indoor air pollution, service
delivery mechanisms for rural energy access,
gender and energy, strengthening reform,
energy-poverty linkages, etc. (see ESMAP
Business Plan 2002-2004).
ESMAP has enjoyed generous support from
its two co-sponsors and, over time, from
some 20 donors, mostly development agencies
from industrial countries. Within the last
few years, support from private corporations
and organizations has also been forthcoming.
The sustained commitment of the donor community
has allowed ESMAP to operate on a grant
basis, that is, at no fee to the client
country.
For more information please visit the following
site:
http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/esmap/site.nsf/pages/esmappartners |
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| What
is Landfill Gas (LFG)? |
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 Landfill
gas (LFG) is a byproduct of the anaerobic decomposition
of biodegradable solid waste residues and is typically
50% methane with a high energy content. Methane
is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG), with 21 times
the global warming potential of carbon dioxide.
Estimates indicate that about 10% of methane emissions
released to the atmosphere are from landfills.
To reduce its effect, LFG can be captured and
used for energy production, thus reducing GHG
emissions and providing a non-conventional source
of energy that displaces fossil fuel use.
LFG is generated when organic materials in MSW
landfills are naturally decomposed by bacteria.
The gas is approximately 50% methane, the primary
component of natural gas. The other 50% of the
gas is predominantly carbon dioxide, with small
amounts of nitrogen and oxygen, and trace levels
of non-methane organic compounds. All MSW landfills
emit this gas in amounts that depend on a variety
of factors, such as waste composition and the
landfill size. LFG generation typically begins
after waste disposal and can continue for 20 or
30 years after the landfill is closed. The gas
can be used as fuel for an engine, turbine, or
other device to produce electricity. |
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The
initiative is oriented to support Municipalities
and local governments in their SWM.